🌊
600+
Active & Planned Cables
As of 2025
1,835 Tbps
Global Bandwidth
↑ 23% year-over-year
📏
1.4M km
Total Cable Length
35× around the Earth
💰
$13B+
Planned Investment
2025–2027 new cables
Global Submarine Cable Network

Major submarine cable routes — hover over a cable for details

Simplified representation of key routes connecting continents · Source: TeleGeography Submarine Cable Map
Equator North America South America Europe Africa Asia Australia ATLANTIC PACIFIC INDIAN N
Transatlantic
Transpacific
Tech Giant-Owned
Europe–Asia
Africa & Emerging
Landing Point
Capacity & Growth

Global International Bandwidth Growth (2015–2025)

Total international internet bandwidth in Tbps — Source: TeleGeography

Top Cables by Design Capacity (Tbps)

Highest-capacity submarine cable systems — Source: TeleGeography, Dgtl Infra

Cable Investment by Region (2025–2027)

Planned new cable investment — Source: TeleGeography
Who Owns the Internet?

Content Provider Share of International Bandwidth

Google, Meta, Amazon & Microsoft vs. Telcos — Source: TeleGeography

New Cable Investment by Builder Type

Atlantic: 100% tech-led; Pacific: 80% — Source: TeleGeography
Regional Bandwidth Growth

Bandwidth Growth by Region — CAGR 2021–2025

Africa leads with 38% compound annual growth rate — Source: TeleGeography
Major Cable Disruptions

When the internet's backbone breaks — notable submarine cable outages

Anchor strikes, landslides, and geopolitical tensions threaten global connectivity
September 2025
Red Sea Multi-Cable Severing
Multiple cables near Jeddah, Saudi Arabia severed — SEA-ME-WE-4, IMEWE, FALCON GCX, and Europe India Gateway. Caused widespread latency surges across Asia & Middle East. Probable cause: commercial vessel anchor drag.
Critical — 4 cables affected
June 2024
Vietnam Connectivity Crisis
Three of Vietnam's five submarine cables simultaneously out of service, severely disrupting internet performance across the country for weeks.
Critical — 60% cables down
March 2024
West Africa Undersea Landslide
Underwater landslide in the "Le Trou Sans Fond" canyon off Côte d'Ivoire damaged four cables simultaneously, causing massive outages across Ghana, Liberia, and neighboring countries.
Critical — 4 cables, multiple countries
2024–2025
Baltic Sea & Taiwan Incidents
Four incidents in the Baltic Sea (8 cable damages) and five around Taiwan (5 damages). Suspected mix of accidental anchor drags and deliberate interference amid geopolitical tensions.
Ongoing — Geopolitical concern
October 2023
SEA-ME-WE-5 & East Africa Outages
When SEA-ME-WE-5 went offline, latency spikes of ~40 ms observed between Europe and Asia. AAE-1, EIG, SEACOM, and TGN also damaged — degrading service across East Africa, South Asia, and Europe.
Major — 40ms latency surge
2023 Ongoing
Red Sea / Houthi Conflict Zone
Cables in the Red Sea corridor — one of the world's densest cable routes — face ongoing threat from the Yemen conflict. At least 15 major cables transit this narrow strait.
Strategic risk
Key Insights

Thinner Than a Hose

~17 mm

Deep-sea cables are roughly the diameter of a garden hose — yet they carry 95%+ of all international data. They cost $30,000–$50,000 per kilometer to install on the ocean floor.

Big Tech's Ocean

75%

Google, Meta, Amazon, and Microsoft now consume 75% of international bandwidth. On the Atlantic, 100% of planned new cables are tech-company led — a dramatic shift from the telco-consortium era.

Anchor Drags: #1 Threat

~100/yr

Roughly 100 cable faults occur globally each year. Anchor strikes from commercial shipping account for ~30% of all cable faults — the single largest cause of submarine cable damage worldwide.

Sources & Citations