A data-driven map of the technologies that power the internet — from the languages developers write to the AI models reshaping how we build, the databases that store trillions of records, and the cloud platforms that run it all.
Layer by layer — from the user's browser down to the bare-metal infrastructure. Chip size reflects relative market share or developer adoption.
The technology stacks behind the world's biggest digital products.
Quantifying how the world builds software, from the Stack Overflow Developer Survey and industry reports.
Python saw a 7-point surge in the 2025 Stack Overflow survey, its largest ever, driven by the AI/ML boom. It's now within striking distance of JavaScript's decade-long #1 position. Meanwhile, TypeScript keeps climbing as developers increasingly demand type safety. [1][2]
Docker saw a +17 point jump in the 2025 survey — the largest single-year increase of any technology. Containerization has become a baseline expectation rather than a differentiating skill. Kubernetes follows closely as the orchestration standard. [1]
PostgreSQL is now the most popular database among developers for the third consecutive year, surpassing MySQL. It was DB-Engines' biggest climber in 2024 and continues to rise in 2025, praised for its extensibility, standards compliance, and vibrant ecosystem. [3][4]
72% of developers use AI tools in their workflow in 2025, up from under 30% in early 2023. ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot led the charge, but Claude, Gemini, and open-source models like LLaMA are fragmenting the market. AI isn't just a tool — it's becoming a required infrastructure layer alongside databases and cloud. [15][16]